In a January 2000article in Foreign Affairs，Robert Zoellick（now U.S.TradeRepresentative）chided President Clinton for taking a nine-day trip to China butpassing up Japan，a U.S.ally that China had just criticized for agreeing to newdefense guidelines with the U.S.93He also criticized Clinton for "failing to preparethe American public for China's missile buildup ，its nuclear espionage，and itscrack-downs on democracy."94

　　Reject "engagement"and promote candor The Defense Strategy Review issued bythe Pentagon before 9/11underscored the challenge of a rising China，and an earlier"Asia 2025"assessment depicted the China of the future as a potentially dangerousforce.95Seen in the context of the Hainan incident and China's military expansion，these are valid judgments."Engagement"with China is a worthy sentiment，but itmust be conducted with a clear understanding that China sees the U.S.commitmentto Asian democracy both as a threat to the legitimacy of the Beijing regime andas a hegemonic threat.

　　Watch China's public posture，not its private assurances In facing the NorthKorean menace ，the Administration would be better advised to coordinate closelywith Japan and Australia than to rely on the kindness of the Chinese leadership ，which views the survival of the Pyongyang regime as a major security interest.

　　Although they tell American counterparts in private that their government genuinelyseeks a denuclearized Korean Peninsula，Chinese officials have never uttered eithera public word of condemnation against North Korea's nuclear weapons program or apublic word of support for America's efforts to disarm the North.In spite of this，the exigencies of the war on terrorism，the reconstruction of Iraq ，and a potentialcrisis over North Korea's nuclear ambitions are clouding America's judgment of itsrelationship with China.

　　Take a "back to basics"approach In 1945，President Harry Truman told GeneralGeorge Marshall （about to embark on the Marshall Mission to China）that a "strong，united，and democratic China is in the most vital interest of the United Statesand all the United Nations."96In the intervening half-century，the "democratic"has fallen off the list to the point that Secretary of State Powell merely observesthat "America welcomes the emergence of a strong，peaceful and prosperous China."97The Administration and Congress should approach the China issue in a way that focusesattention on the fundamental American values of freedom and democracy.

　　Conclusion In an article written for Foreign Affairs during the 2000presidentialcampaign，National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice acknowledged the need forChina's integration into the international economy，but also warned that China'shuman rights situation must not be ignored："Rather，the American president shouldpress the Chinese leadership for change."98Indeed，this message came through loudand clear during President Bush's two visits to China in October 2001and February2002.

　　Moreover，in her article ，Rice recognized that "even if there is an argumentfor economic interaction with Beijing ，China is still a potential threat to stabilityin the Asia-Pacific region."She conceded that China is a "strategic competitor ，"not the "strategic partner"that the Clinton Administration envisioned.99

　　Rice also examined U.S.policy toward Taiwan，asserting that the U.S.has a"deep interest in the security of Taiwan."She foresaw a Bush Administration thatwould press China to renounce the use of force in resolving the conflicted relationshipbetween Taipei and Beijing.

　　A dispassionate examination of how China has approached key foreign policy，trade ，and national security issues over the past two years suggests that ，farmore often than not ，China has opposed U.S.interests or，at the very least，has remained neutralor aloof.China has provided little support in the war on terrorism，did not simply "stand by"during the Iraq War ，has hampered efforts to ease thereconstruction of Iraq，and has not helped to bring North Korea around to dismantlingits nuclear weapons programs.

　　Before they joined the Bush Administration，Rice ，Zoellick ，and Armitageall articulated clear-eyed，realistic，and unsentimental views of how to managethe challenges that a rising China poses to the interests of peace and democracyin Asia.A constructive and cooperative relationship with China can emerge onlyif American policymakers understand that the promotion of democratic ideals anda stable American presence in Asia are objectives that China's leaders seek to obstruct，and engage China on that basis alone.

　　The bottom line is that any portrayal of China's foreign policy behavior assomehow sharing American interests is a disservice to the American people and theirelected representatives in Congress.

　　John J.Tkacik，Jr.，is Research Fellow in China Policy in the Asian StudiesCenter at The Heritage Foundation.100

　　1.Richard Armitage ，"Remarks by Richard L.Armitage，Deputy Secretary ofState ，"Asia Society Forum，Sydney ，Australia，August 13，2003，
at usembassy-australia.state.gov/press/2003_0813_armitage_syd.html.

　　2.For example，see Michael Swaine ，"Reverse Course？The Fragile Turnaroundin U.S.-China Relations ，"Policy Brief，Carnegie Endowment for InternationalPeace ，Vol.22，February 2003，
at www.ceip.org/files/pdf/Policybrief22.pdf.
See also Evan Medieros and M.Taylor Fravel ，"China's New Diplomacy ，"Foreign Affairs ，November/December 2003，pp.22-35.

　　3.Colin L.Powell，"Remarks at the Elliott School of International Affairs，"George Washington University，Washington ，D.C.，September 5，2003，
at www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2003/23836.htm.

　　4.Press release，"President Bush Welcomes Premier of China to the White House，"White House ，December 9，2003，
at www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/12/20031209-1.html.

　　5.Colin Powell ，"Remarks at Asia Society Annual Dinner ，"New York City ，June 10，2002，
at www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2002/10983.htm.

　　6.Steven Mufson，"China Tells U.S.It Will Share Information，"The WashingtonPost，September 22，2001，p.A30.For the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman'scomments，see Zhu Bangzao，"Waijiaobu Fayanren Zhu Bangzao Zai Jizhe Zhaodaihuishang Da Jizhe Wen"（Foreign Ministry Spokesman Zhu Bangzao responses to reporters'questions at press conference ），Ministry of Foreign Affairs，People's Republicof China，September 25，2001，at www.fmprc.gov.cn.

　　7.John Pomfret ，"China Offers Help ——With Conditions ，"The WashingtonPost，September 18，2001，p.A8.Pomfret quotes Zhu saying ，"The United Stateshas asked China to provide assistance in the fight against terrorism.China ，bythe same token，has reasons to ask the United States to give its support and understandingin the fight against terrorism and separatists.We should not have double standards."Zhu went on to say that the United States and China had "common interests"in fightingTaiwan independence activists ，who present the main threat to stability acrossthe Taiwan Strait.However，when pressed on whether U.S.opposition to Taiwan independencewould be a condition for China's support in fighting terrorism，Zhu insisted thatit "is a different issue，we are not making bargains here."Chinese Foreign MinisterTang Jiaxuan also denied that China was making such a link.Tang Jiaxuan，"ChinaIs Also a Victim of Terrorist Attacks ，"interview ，The Washington Post，September22，2001.Zhu "rebuked reports in the Washington Post"that asserted he had madesuch a link.Zheng Min，"APEC Meeting to Promote Regional Economy，"China Daily，September 21，2001，p.A1.However ，in an apparent contradiction of ForeignMinister Tang's comments，Zhang Mingqing ，China's top spokesman on Taiwan issues，told a press conference on September 26that the linkage of Chinese support forthe U.S.anti-terrorism campaign and continued U.S.arms sales to Taiwan "shouldstill be examined."Agence France-Presse，"Beijing Stance on Arms Sales，US SupportUnclear ，"Taipei Times，September 27，2001，
at taipeitimes.com/chnews/2001/09/27/story/0000104681.
　　8.Zheng Min，"APEC Meeting to Promote Regional Economy，"China Daily ，September21，2001，p.A1.Certainly ，the Chinese government never signaled approvalfor coalition military action in Afghanistan.Instead ，it said it had been intouch with all parties urging peace.See statements by Foreign Ministry spokesmanfor 2001，
at www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/c7501.html.

　　9.Jeremy Page，"China Sets Terms for Backing U.S.War on Terror ，"Reuters，Beijing ，September 18，2001.

　　10.Nicholas Groffman ，"Letter：View from China，"The Independent （London），September 22，2001.See also Hsu Tung-ming ，"US-China Relations Strained by Attacks，"Taipei Times，September 22，2001，p.8，
at www.taipeitimes.com/news/2001/09/22/story/0000104030.

　　11.When asked about the expulsion of Chinese journalists by the State Department，spokesman Richard Boucher said，"We curtailed the visit on September 14because，under the circumstances ，it was decided not to continue the tour."When askedwhether the journalists had "laughed or cheered or applauded，"Boucher said，"Iknow there have been rumors and things like that talked about.I just don't know."Another reporter pressed："But they were asked to leave？"Boucher repeated："Thevisit was curtailed.That's the way I put it."Richard Boucher，Daily Press Briefing，U.S.Department of State，September 18，2001，
at usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/01091813.htm.

　　12.The exchange at the briefing was："QUESTION：What are the areas of commoninterest，other than the general fight against ——that terrorism is a bad thing？Or is that all they ——is that as far as they got？MR.BOUCHER：Once again ，I am not in a position to go through specific areas that we might have discussedwith specific governments."Richard Boucher ，Daily Press Briefing ，U.S.Departmentof State，September 26，2001
at www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2001/5067.htm.

　　13.Willy Wo-Lap Lam，"The Terror Attack and China's Deeper Concerns ，"ChinaBrief ，Vol.1，No.6（September 27，2001），
at china.jamestown.org/pubs/view/cwe_001_006_001.htm.

　　14.For example ，a toughly worded article in the PRC-owned Ta Kung Pao newspapershortly after the visit warned Pakistan that Washington is cooperating with NewDelhi to encircle Pakistan.Ba Ren，"The United States Meddles with Afghanistanto Kill Three Birds with One Stone——On The White House's Military Deployment andVariable of Central Asian Strategic Patterns，"Ta Kung Pao （Hong Kong ），September24，2001，transcribed by Foreign Broadcast Information Service ，FBIS-CHI-2001-0924.

　　15.Agence France-Presse，Beijing，"More on China FM Spokesman Comments onBorder Security ，Terrorism，"September 25，2001，transcribed by Foreign BroadcastInformation Service ，FBIS-NES-2001-0925.

　　16."Fu Quanyou Yu Ba Canlianhui Zhuxi Huitan"（Fu Quanyou meets Pakistan Chairmanof Joint Command），Jiefang Jun Bao（Liberation Army Daily ），January 16，2002，
at www.pladaily.com.cn/gb/pladaily/2002/01/16/20020116001011.html.

　　17.Liu Jianfei ，"Renqing Fankong yu fanbade guanxi"（Grasp relation betweenantiterrorism and anti-hegemonism ），Liaowang （Beijing ），February 24，2003，pp 54-56，transcribed by Foreign Broadcast Information Service ，FBIS-CHI-2003-0307.

　　18.Aftab-E Yazd，"Iran Daily Carries `Media Monitor'Feature for 22April ，"Iran Daily（Tehran），transcribed by Foreign Broadcast Information Service ，FBIS-NES-2002-0422，April 22，2002.

　　19.Almaty Kazakh Commercial Television ，"China Summons Kazakhstani ForeignMinister over US Bases，"transcribed by Foreign Broadcast Information Service，CEP20020502000119，May 2，2002.Kyrgyz diplomatic sources in Washington privatelyconfirm that China made similar demands of them.

　　20.Admiral Dennis C.Blair ，Commander in Chief ，U.S.Pacific Command ，"Adm.Blair Discusses Taiwan，Fight Against Terrorism，"press roundtable，HongKong，April 18，2002，
at usinfo.state.gov/regional/ea/uschina/blair418.htm.
When asked about China's intelligence contribution to the war on terrorism，onesenior American intelligence officer offered，"Yes ，they are helping us.Butif they stopped tomorrow，no one would notice."Arthur Waldron ，"Guess Hu's Comingto the White House，"The Wall Street Journal ，May 1，2002，p.A18.See alsoBlair's complaints that intelligence sharing with Beijing is minimal in Dirk Beveridge，"US ：China Could Help War on Terror ，"Associated Press，April 18，2002.GeneralTommy Franks pointedly declined to comment on China's refusal to grant overflightor landing rights at Chinese bases.General Tommy Franks，"General Franks SaysAfghan Situation Still Tough，Murky，"press briefing，U.S.Department of State，Washington Foreign Press Center ，April 11，2002，
at usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/sasia/afghan/text/0412frnks.htm.
See also Greg Torode，"Beijing Left Outas US Praises Neighbours for War Support，"South China Morning Post ，April 13，2002，p.A1.

　　21.Hu Qihua and Shao Zongwei ，"Anti-Terror Talks ，"China Daily ，February21，2003，p.1.

　　22.Ambassador J.Cofer Black ，quoted in Joe McDonald ，"Amid Tensions overNorth Korea and Iraq，Us Envoy Praises China's Anti-Terror Role，"Associated Press，Beijing ，February 19，2003，in "US on PRC Anti-Terror Role ，"NAPSNet DailyReport，February 19，2003，
at nautilus.org/napsnet/dr/0302/FEB19.html#item7（italics added ）。

　　23.See James A.Kelly，U.S.Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian andPacific Affairs ，"U.S.Policy on China and North Korea，"remarks to the WorldAffairs Council ，Washington ，D.C.，January 30，2003，
at www.state.gov/p/eap/rls/rm/2003/17164.htm.

　　24.U.S.government sources say they have no idea what，if any ，Chinese aidhas actually gone to the Kabul government.China pledged only $1million at theJanuary 2002Afghan Donors Conference in Tokyo，but subsequently pledged $150millionin direct aid to Afghanistan.In April 2003，a source directly involved with theU.S.Afghan aid program noted privately ，"The claim of $150million for Chinais very much larger than information supplied to us by China."

　　25.Lian Junwei ，"Qian Qichen huijian Sabuli，wei Yi bangqiang"（Qian Qichenmeets Sabri ，evinces sympathy ），Gongshang Shibao （Taipei Commercial Times ），August 29，2002.See Wang Zhuozhong ，"Meijun Gong Yi，Tang Jiaxuan mingquebiaoshi fandui"（Tang Jiaxuan explicates PRC opposition to U.S.strike on Iraq ），China Times （Taipei），September 10，2002，p.3.Chinese Foreign MinisterTang was quoted as saying that China "absolutely opposes……any arbitrary [renyi]expansion of the scope of the attack."

　　26.See Ministry of Foreign Affairs ，People's Republic of China ，"ForeignMinistry Spokeswoman's Press Conference ，"September 24，2002，at www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/35257.html.

　　27.John Tkacik and Nile Gardiner ，"China Will `Stand Aside'on Iraq，"AsianWall Street Journal ，February 10，2003，
at online.wsj.com/article/0，，SB1044827848882052943，00.html.

　　28.Ibid.

　　29.Yan Xizao ，"US Action Nothing Short of a Crime，"China Daily ，April10，2003，p.4.

　　30."FM Outlines 5-Point Plan to Address Global Challenges，"China Daily ，September 26，2003，
at www1.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-09/26/content_267541.htm.

　　31.See "Li ，Powell Talk over Phone ，"China Daily ，October 12，2003，
at www1.chinadaily.com.cn/en/doc/2003-10/12/content_271124.htm.

　　32.Richard L.Armitage ，"A Comprehensive Approach to North Korea ，"NationalDefense University Strategic Forum，No.159（March 1999），at www.ndu.edu/inss/strforum/SF159/forum159.html.