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Time for Washington to Take a Realistic Look at China Policy(五)           ★★★ 【字体:
Time for Washington to Take a Realistic Look at China Policy(五)
作者:佚名    论文来源:本站原创    点击数:    更新时间:2008-12-6    

   33.For an expanded discussion of China's support for North Korea's nucleardiplomacy ,see John J.Tkacik ,Jr.,"Getting China to Support a DenuclearizedNorth Korea ,"Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No.1678,August 25,2003,
at www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/bg1678.cfm.

  34.Private conversation with U.S.government officials.

  35.Ibid.

  36.David E.Sanger ,"U.S.Said to Shift Approach in Talks with North Korea,"The New York Times ,September 5,2003.

  37.Joseph Kahn ,"Chinese Aide Says U.S.Is Obstacle in Korean Talks,"TheNew York Times,September 2,2003,
at www.nytimes.com/2003/09/02/international/asia/02KORE.html.

  38.Colin L.Powell ,"Remarks with Republic of Korea's Minister of ForeignAffairs and Trade Yoon Young-Kwan After Their Meeting ,"U.S.Department of State,September 3,2003.The Chinese Foreign Ministry also claimed to know nothing ofWang Yi's remarks.See Ministry of Foreign Affairs,People's Republic of China ,"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Press Conference ,"September 2,2003,"
at www.fmprc.gov.cn/eng/xwfw/2510/2511/t25603.htm.

  39.Private conversation with U.S.government officials.

  40.That China offered more aid is mentioned in "Wu Bangguo Chengnuo Xu YuanBei Han"(Wu Bangguo commits more aid to North Korea),The World Journal(in Chinese),October 30,2003,p.2.According to private conversations with U.S.governmentofficials and Japanese journalists in Washington,it was conditioned on Japanesesilence on the abductees issue.

  41.Conversations with U.S.government officials.

  42.Philip P.Pan ,"China Deploys Troops on N.Korea Border ,"The WashingtonPost,September 16,2003,p.A13,
at www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A15610-2003Sep15.html.
See also "Review &Outlook:Tightening the Screws on Kim ,"The Wall Street Journal,September 17,2003,
at online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB106374977379016100,00.html.

  43."Jong Hoon Kim Overview of the North Korean Energy Sector ,"U.S.Departmentof Commerce ,US&FCS Market Research Reports ,International Market Insight ,IMI 102193,December 18,2000.

  44.Testimony before Committee on Foreign Relations ,U.S.Senate,September11,2003,in verbatim transcript ,"U.S.Senator Richard G.Lugar (R-IN)HoldsHearing on Relations with China ,"prepared by Federal Document Clearing House.

  45.John Pomfret,"U.S.,N.Korea Meet,Discuss Nuclear Arms ,Both SidesStake Out Uncompromising Positions,"The Washington Post ,August 27,2003,
at www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A54126-2003Aug27.html.

  46.Associated Press,"N Korea Urges Initial Nuclear Deal,Wants Aid,"TaipeiTimes ,December 10,2003,p.5,
at www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2003/12/10/2003079038.

  47.Bill Gertz and Rowan Scarborough,"Inside the Ring :China-North KoreaAxis,"The Washington Times,December 12,2002,p.A6.

  48.George Tenet,Director ,Central Intelligence Agency,testimony in hearing,Worldwide Threat to U.S.Interests,Committee on Armed Services,U.S.Senate,March 19,2002,transcribed by Federal News Service(italics added )。

  49.Shirley A.Kan,"China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destructionand Missiles:Policy Issues,"Congressional Research Service,updated October22,2002,RL31555,p.5,
at www.cia.gov/cia/publications/bian/bian_jan_2002.htm.

  50.U.S.China Economic and Security Review Commission,China's ProliferationPractices and the North Korean Nuclear Crisis ,hearing,July 24,2003,pp.7-31,
at www.uscc.gov/july24.pdf.

  51.Ibid.,p.9.

  52.Bill Gertz and Rowan Scarborough,"Inside the Ring :Iran's Missile Boats,"The Washington Times,May 17,2002,p.A7.

  53.Danny Gittings,"Battling the Bribers,"The Asian Wall Street Journal ,October 29,2002,p.18.See also David E.Sanger and James Dao,"A NuclearNorth Korea :Intelligence :U.S.Says Pakistan Gave Technology to North Korea,"The New York Times,October 18,2002,p.A1.A compelling case that the Pakistanishipment transited Chinese military bases is made by Edward Timperlake and WilliamC.Triplett II,"N.Korea,Pakistan ,China,"The Washington Times,December8,2002,
at www.washtimes.com/commentary/20021208-32877640.htm.

  54.Kan ,"China and Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction and Missiles,"p.14.As this paper was going to press ,Libya announced that it would scrapits nuclear weapons program.

  55.The sanctions are published in "Bureau of Nonproliferation;Impositionof Nonproliferation Measures on an Entity in China,Including a Ban on U.S.GovernmentProcurement ,"Federal Register,Vol.68,No.100(May 23,2003),pp.28314-28315.See also Guy Dinmore,"US imposes new sanctions on China ,"Financial Times ,May 222003,at news.ft.com.

  56.David E.Sanger ,"U.S.Penalizes 6Asian Firms for Helping Iran Arm Itself,"The New York Times,July 4,2003,p.A1.

  57.Richard Boucher ,Daily Press Briefing ,U.S.Department of State ,Washington,D.C.,July 31,2003,
at www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2003/22956.htm.

  58.Bill Gertz,"U.S.Tags China with Stiff Penalties,"The Washington Times,September 19,2003,p.A18.

  59.Central Intelligence Agency ,Unclassified Report to Congress on the Acquisitionof Technology Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction and Advanced ConventionalMunitions :1January Through 30June 2002,March 1,2003,
at www.cia.gov/cia/reports/721_reports/jan_jun2002.html.

  60.In addition to articles cited in Kan,"China and Proliferation of Weaponsof Mass Destruction and Missiles,"footnote 10,see Glenn Kessler,"Pakistan'sN.Korea Deals Stir Scrutiny,Aid to Nuclear Arms Bid May Be Recent,"The WashingtonPost,November 13,2002,p.A1;Bill Gertz ,"North Korea Can Build NukesRight Now ,"The Washington Times,November 22,2002,p.A1;and David E.Sanger,"In North Korea and Pakistan ,Deep Roots of Nuclear Barter ,"The NewYork Times,November 24,2002,p.A1,
at www.nytimes.com/2002/11/24/international/asia/24KORE.html.

  61.Bill Gertz,"CIA Shifts on North Korean Nukes,"The Washington Times,July 4,2003,
at www.washingtontimes.com/national/20030703-114656-2535r.htm.

  62.For an expanded discussion,see John J.Tkacik ,Jr.,"Decision Day Loomsover North Korea,"The Asian Wall Street Journal ,July 17,2003,
at online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB105839894625819400,00.html.
 63.Jing-Dong Yuan,"Sino-US Military Relations Since Tiananmen:Restoration,Progress,and Pitfalls ,"Parameters,U.S.Army War College,Spring 2003.

  64.Erik Eckholm,"China Complains About U.S.Surveillance Ship,"The NewYork Times,September 27,2002,p 13.See also Bill Gertz and Rowan Scarborough,"Chinese Harass Ship,"The Washington Times,September 20,2002,
at www.washtimes.com/national/20020920-30728294.htm.
In June 2001,a Chinese frigate "locked and loaded ,"obliging the unarmed Bowditchto depart the area.See Tammy Kupperman ,"U.S.,China in New Naval Dispute ,"MSNBC ,September 19,2002.

  65.Bill Gertz and Rowan Scarborough,"Inside the Ring :Chinese Intercepts,"The Washington Times ,April 11,2003,at www.washtimes.com/national/20030411-25280691.htm.

  66.See "Jian Qi Zhanji Gonghai Lanzai Riben Zhencha Ji"(Chinese Jian-7jetfighter intercepts Japanese surveillance aircraft ),Shijie Ribao (World Journal),New York,July 19,2003,p.2.

  67."Haijian Zongdui Cheng Zeng Jiankong Mei Liang Jiandie Chuan"(GeneralMaritime Patrol Service claims to have monitored two American spyships),ShijieRibao ,New York ,January 30,2003.There was no mention of the Sumner in theEnglish-language press;however,China's media specifically named the USS Sumneras a spyship that had repeatedly violated Chinese territorial waters.

  68.Article 7of China's EEZ law requires that "all international organizations,foreign organizations or individuals that wish to explore the exclusive economiczone"shall be subject to the "approval"of the PRC government for such activities,whereas Article 56of the UNCLOS limits such coastal state jurisdiction to "exploring……the natural resources"of the EEZ.See Law of the People's Republic of Chinaon the Territorial Sea and the Contiguous Zone,adopted February 25,1992,atwww.chinagate.com.cn/english/2162.htm ,and Law on the Exclusive Economic Zoneand the Continental Shelf of the People's Republic of China ,adopted June 26,1998,at icm.noaa.gov/laws/PRC_EEZ_law.html.

  69.See "China Enacts First National Regulation on Uninhabited Islands,"AsiaPulse ,Beijing,July 1,2003,cited in "PRC Uninhabited Islands Regulation,"NAPSNet Daily,
at www.nautilus.org/napsnet/dr/0306/JUL01-03.html#item10.

  70.Bill Gertz,"China Enacts Law Extending Its Control,"The Washington Times,January 27,2003,p.1.While it is unclear that China has actually enacted anew law ,Chinese law is apparently being interpreted to extend China's regulatoryjurisdictions in its territorial seas (i.e.,within 12nm from the coast)tothe full area of the exclusive economic zones (200nm from the coast ),includingputative EEZs surrounding islets and shoals claimed by China in the South ChinaSea.

  71.See "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of December 10,1982:Overview and Full Text ,"
at www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_overview_convention.htm.

  72.The term "effectively responded"is a Chinese euphemismindicating thatthe Chinese did ,in fact,take some official action in response to the incursion.In this context ,one might note that the Chinese Minister of Public Health saidon April 3,2003,that the government had "effectively controlled"the spreadof an epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)and was fired two weekslater when his assertion proved to be a wild overstatement.

  73.See "PRC Uninhabited Islands Regulation ,"NAPSNet Daily Report,July1,2003,
at nautilus.org/napsnet/dr/0107/JUL01-03.html#item10.

  74.CNA ,"Fishermen Seek Help over Chinese Seizure of Vessels ,"Taipei Times,July 15,2003,
at www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2003/07/15/2003059470.

  75.See Admiral Thomas B.Fargo ,Commander in Chief ,U.S.Pacific Fleet ,remarks delivered at Submarine League Annual Symposium,Alexandria ,Virginia ,June 14,2001,
at www.cpf.navy.mil/speech/speeches/010614subleague.html.

  76.For a comprehensive look at this issue,see Dana Robert Dillon ,"Howthe Bush Administration Should Handle China and South China Sea Maritime TerritorialDisputes,"Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No.1470,September 5,2001,
at www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/BG1470.cfm.

  77.James A.Kelly,Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and PacificAffairs ,testimony before Committee on Foreign Relations,U.S.Senate,September11,2003.

  78.U.S.Department of State,Country Reports on Human Rights 2002:China,March 31,2003.

  79.Ibid.

  80."Ex-political Prisoner from Tibet Dies Suddenly ,"Radio Free Asia ,October3,2003.

  81.Uyghur American Association ,"UAA Press Release on the Execution of Shirali,"October 22,2003,citing Xinjiang Daily,October 21,2003.

  82."Chinese Arrest 12Catholic Clerics ,"The Washington Times,October 28,2003,p.A12,
at www.washtimes.com/world/20031027-092749-3882r.htm.

  83.Associated Press,"Shanghai Lawyer Who Sued Developer Jailed ,"October28,2003.

  84.Dow Jones Newswires ,"Chinese Court Charges Internet Activist with Subversion,"October 29,2003,
at online.wsj.com/article/0,,BT_CO_20031028_001534,00.html.

  85."China Lashes Out at Critical U.S.Report ,"The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel,October 6,2003,p.A5.

  86.U.S.Department of Defense,Annual Report on the Military Power of thePeople's Republic of China,July 28,2003,
at www.defenselink.mil/pubs/20030730chinaex.pdf.

  87.Ibid,p.2.

  88.James Harding and Peter Spiegel ,"Beijing Looms Large in the White House'sDefence Strategy,"Financial Times ,October 17,2003,p.19.

  89.Section 2(b )(6)of the Taiwan Relations Act(Public Law 96-8)mandatesa national policy "to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist any resortto force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security,or thesocial or economic system ,of the people on Taiwan."

  90.John Tkacik ,"Abandoning Taiwan ,"The New York Sun,June 6-8,2003,p.6.

  91.For a deeper analysis of this issue ,see John J.Tkacik ,Jr.,"ChinaPulls at Bush's Three Pillars ,"Asian Wall Street Journal ,December 5,2003,p.A9,
at online.wsj.com/article/0,,SB107058065848118700,00.html.

  92.See Republican National Committee ,"Who We Are:2000Platform,"2000,
at www.rnc.org/GOPInfo/Platform/2000platform8.htm.

  93.Robert B.Zoellick,"A Republican Foreign Policy ,"Foreign Affairs ,Vol.79,No.1(January/February 2000),p.66.

  94.Ibid.

  95.Harding and Peter ,"Beijing Looms Large in the White House's Defence Strategy,"p.19.

  96.The China White Paper (Stanford,Calif.:Stanford University Press,1967),p.133(italics added )。

  97.Colin L.Powell ,"Remarks at Conference on China-U.S.Relations ,"TexasA&M University,College Station,Texas,November 5,2003,
at www.state.gov/secretary/rm/2003/25950.htm.

  98.Condoleezza Rice,"Promoting the National Interest ,"Foreign Affairs ,Vol.79,No.1(January/February 2000),p.55.

  99.Ibid.,p.56.

  100.Asian Studies Center intern Melissa Parham contributed to this paper.

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